For generations, the descendants of the 20th US president discussed openly about his impressive career but avoided talking about his tragic assassination. âWe knew what had happened, that he was shot in a railway depot,â explains one of his living relatives. âWe studied the story in historical accounts but, for various reasons, we just skimmed through it.â
This changed in 2011 with the issuing of Destiny of the Republic, which generated attention in Garfield's cut-short presidency. This work has now inspired a television production titled the presidential series, including a talented performer as the national leader and his co-star as the drifter who shot him.
The series promises to shine a light on Garfield, who rose from poverty to the White House during the historical period only to become a casualty to its toxic political divisions. His tenure was cut short after only several months not only by the gunman's shot but by medical malpractice â an event now largely forgotten while the assassinations of the Civil War president and JFK continue to intrigue the public.
âYou can't help but be proud what he did. He was incredibly versatile: he was a lawyer, he was a minister, he was a farmer. He was so many things which also influenced his personality and his approach and the complete story about him the family carries down with us.â
Garfield was the last president raised in rustic conditions in the Midwest in 1831. His dad perished when he was 18 months old, leaving his mother, Eliza, to support a large family in difficult circumstances. An dedicated student, Garfield found employment on vessels to generate income for an formal learning.
He pursued jurisprudence, was became a preacher, became head of a school in Ohio and was a state senator. In 1858 he married a previous schoolmate, Lucretia Rudolph, with whom he would have multiple offspring. An dedicated federalist, Garfield viewed the national conflict as a moral battle against slavery and progressed to the rank of major general.
âAs I studied his life, I was astonished. He was remarkably smart. He was extremely courageous. He was very progressive for the period. He was compassionate. He was a decent human being and would have been an outstanding leader had he remained alive.â
Garfield was convinced by President Lincoln to resign his military commission when he was elected to the legislative branch, where he would function as a Republican for nearly two decades. He was ardent advocate of racial equality in elections, viewing it as a issue of rights and the completion of a military promise.
âThe speech he gave on the legislative arena will move you deeply. He was an impressive communicator and this matter was deeply meaningful to him.â
At the political assembly in Chicago the political organization was sharply split between the âStalwartsâ, led by a powerful politician, who supported a third term for military hero, and the ârival groupâ, who supported James G Blaine. Garfield attended as a advocate of his close associate John Sherman.
When the massive gathering was gridlocked between Grant and Blaine, representatives began searching for a solution. Garfield's powerful oration nominating Sherman won them over. During the speech, he reportedly declared, âAnd now, delegates, what do we want?â to which a audience member unexpectedly replied, âWe want Garfield!â
On the multiple voting round, a rush of supporters made Garfield the unexpected candidate. To satisfy the Stalwart faction, Chester Arthur, a political ally from New York, was chosen as his vice president. In the national vote Garfield defeated the Democratic nominee to become the only sitting member of the House ever to be chosen as leader.
âWhat would have made Garfield great and what is extremely rare and maybe special for the American presidency is he wasn't seeking the position. It's not that he had completely dismissed it but he was pushed toward it.â
The central struggle of Garfield's limited administration was his disagreement with Conkling over the âpolitical favorsâ. Conkling demanded control over political positions in New York, particularly the influential position of customs official. Garfield declined, stating the issue was âif the commander-in-chief should be registering clerk of the senate or the presidential authorityâ. He selected a rival of Conkling to the post.
The conflict became a open fight but Garfield defeated Conkling in the Senate. Facing a embarrassing loss, Conkling and his colleague resigned their seats in protest. The next day, Garfield's candidate was ratified. It was a historic triumph for the presidential control over the faction system and for the cause of reform over âmachine politicsâ.
But even as Garfield fought powerful figures of his party, he was being followed by a disturbed and delusional man who exemplified the dark side of the spoils network. The assassin was a drifter with a history of occupational setbacks, mental instability and early life difficulties. He had not succeeded as a legal professional, debt recovery agent, religious figure and member of a unconventional group.
âHe was emotionally unstable and his specific type of insanity was false belief. He always believed that religious calling for greatness. He actually had superior economic background than Garfield but where Garfield achieved and rose, Guiteau could not accomplish anything.â
But Guiteau believed he had finally found a route to achievement: politics. Carried away in the drama of the political contest, he wrote and delivered an unimportant address, and became persuaded internally that he was personally instrumental for Garfield's victory.
Under this reasoning, Guiteau calculated he had deserved a important role. He journeyed to DC and continuously bothered Garfield, Blaine and other officials, requiring to be made the foreign service officer â a position for which he had inadequate skills. He became such a nuisance that he was eventually excluded from the White House.
On 2 July 1881, just a short time into his presidency, Garfield was departing the capital for his educational gathering. As he walked through the transportation center, Guiteau stepped from the shadows, pulled an ivory-handled British Bull Dog revolver from his coat pocket and fired multiple rounds in the back.
Garfield shouted: âWhy is this occurring?â and collapsed on the depot ground. When a {police officer|law
Eleanor is a passionate writer and cultural enthusiast, sharing her experiences and discoveries from across the UK.